Corporate social responsibility (with an example) Research Paper

Corporate social responsibility (with an example) - Research Paper Example It is not right to say that Corporations are excluded from societies; they are part of it and hence have a role to play within in the society circle. It is the society which gives them the name and recognition, and in return there is much to be given back to the society as well (Asongu, 2007). A society could be broad in the spectrum like an oil company whose impacts are there for entire environmental system, similarly a society could be small like for a grocery store whose items are only benefited to the specified group of people. Hence Corporations are part of societies and to survive in business they have to understand the societal norms and responsibilities (Horrigan, 2010). Analysis based Point of Opinion According to scholarly literature, it can be indicated that corporate social responsibility is a modern concept and has been compiled from various definitions. According to modern literature, corporate social responsibility is a business norm that includes all the business comp onents in one domain, like it includes buyers, consumers, share holders, employees, and communities which have to be served in one system (Asongu, 2007). Hence CSR is a broad concept, a concept that reaches out to each component attached to its system (Asongu, 2007). ... In Worlds tropical regions like South Africa and North India, there have been infectious disease spreading, like malaria and leishmaniasis for which there is no cure provided just because of high poverty and fewer paybacks to the pharmaceuticals (Hirsch, 2008). On the other side, there are no cures for chronic diseases (tuberculosis) as pharmaceuticals have forgotten the moral responsibility and have prioritized wealthy attainments than society. The cures are there but the will is not and due to economic reasons and not scientific, pharmaceuticals have stopped to research and develop. It is all because the priority is wealth and money, so the norms of society, virtuousness and morality have got disappeared in the tropical regions (Hirsch, 2008). From the modern perspective, it is not wrong to say that virtue and social responsibility are just matters of the book and scripture and not more than that. According to Lynn Payer (author of Disease-Mongers, 1992) medicine industry has been dominant due to several reasons, one of the main reason is disease mongering, a concept that brutally destroys the notion of corporate social responsibility (Dossey, 2010). In the modern system, medicine industry (pharmaceuticals) generates more than one trillion dollars each year. One of the secrets for such dominating figures on revenues is disease mongering â€Å"expanding diseases and developing the demand† (Dossey, 2010). Out of the trillion, billions are spent on advertisement and marketing campaigns, which is all to bring response and acceptation from the customer. One harsh fact is that patients are customers, customers that bring demand for the industry. Hence it is not harsh to say that the system of 21st century itself is violating the

Compare and contrast a drama's device with those of a poem or short Essay

Compare and contrast a drama's device with those of a poem or short story - Essay Example While most dramas are written to be performed, there are also some which are written just for reading while short stories and poems are made to be read, whether silently or orally. The plot of the drama is understood through the conversations of the characters and, to some, with the help of a narrator. Most of the meat of the story is understood through the delivery of the drama that it is very important for performers to follow instructions to the letter especially with their facial expressions and actions. For those which are purposefully for reading, writers express emotions with short descriptions written in parentheses before or after the lines of the characters to give life to the story in the minds of the reader. Short stories and poems on the other hand similarly present the plot as they present their characters. Generally speaking, dramas affect the senses of hearing and sight while short stories and poems are limited to the sense of sight. However, the three different forms of literary pieces all stir the imagination and emotion of audiences as they present the characters and plot of the story.

Essay Comparing Masks in A Dolls House and The Stranger (The Outsider) :: comparison compare contrast essays

Masks in A Doll's House and The Stranger In the real world there exist many different people, of different races and ages, each one unique. Some live secluded lives with few friends and others live very rich and complex lives surrounded by friends and acquaintances. No matter what type of life is led it is human nature to adjust one's external personality to suit the specific situation, much like putting on and removing different masks. People tend to be polite and respectful to others in public even though they may not know the person well or not care for them, yet behind closed doors that mask may disappear and their true feelings may come to the surface. People may adjust their external behaviour and attitudes when around others because they may not like their true selves and either want to change themselves or just merely fit in with society and be liked by others. Another mask that is often worn is the powerful and superior one and so to feel superior when among others pushes them around and becomes a bully. This same person could be gentle, nice and kind when around family but may feel the need to appear superior around other people. This form of adjusting one's personality or mask to suit a situation in life, is also common among characters in novels, dramas, and other forms of literature. In certain characters it is evident in the novel The Stranger and the play A Doll's House . In some instances it is quite easy to notice but other times it may be difficult to identify the changes in character's masks as the changes slowly develop throughout the plot. A form of mask wearing was found at the beginning of the novel The Stranger, where Meursault goes to the beach to go swimming and meets Marie Cardona. She was lying on a float when Meursault was swimming towards it. "She turned toward [him]. Her hair was in her eyes and she was laughing."(20) Later on when both Meursault and Marie go swimming together "She laughed the whole time,"(20) and then on the dock while they were drying themselves off Marie playfully says "I'm darker than you."(20) She puts on a type of giggly, flirty mask when around Meursault, probably

Guava Leaves Extract for Skin Infections

Guava Leaves Extract (Component in making soap) treatment for acne [Bathing Soap] Chapter I: Background of the study: Nowadays people are focusing in herbal plants especially those who are common in the environment. One of the example is the guava plant (Psidium guajava Linn). Based on research this plant is good for healing and treating wounds and other skin infections. So in my research I wan't to make a bathing soap out of it, cause I know that it is effective. People, researchers, scientists were focusing to medicinal plants.They want to prove that there are plants that are more effective against diseases especially in skin. This study refers to a plant that can be made into a bathing soap and improves its quality while using this plant (guava leaves). I want people to handle easily in treating their skin disorders. Instead of boiling the leaves, now it’s easy to apply. Boiling takes much time. Statement of the Problem: I stated that Guava leaves extract is good for skin. Based on my research, it has many constituents that is good for skin. It answers the following questions: * Is there any constituents of guave leaves that is good for skin? What are those? * It can really treat skin disorders/ Acne? Hypothesis: * Guava leaves is good treatment for acne. * It has many components or constituents. * Constituents that is good for skin disorders, especially for acnies. Significance of the Study: You can make a bathing soap with guave leaves extract as treatment for acne. This plant is very common to our environment, and aside of its avaibility; it is easy to cultivate. It contains many components for healing skin disorders. Scope and Limitation: The study of guava leaves and getting their extract is often useful.It has the ability to treat, cure, disinfect skin disorders and capable of being a herbal plant for acnes. Definition of Terms Astringent- antiseptic properties Decoction- infusion of fresh leaves used for wound cleaning and skin to prevent infec tion and to facilitate healing. Good for skin disorders. Volatile- a substance that changes into a vapor at a relatively low temperature. Eugenol- oily liquid from doves. (C10H12O2) Cloves- aromatic spice from the dried flower bud of a tropical tree. Tannin- a brownish or yellowish substance found in plants and used in astringents.Saponins- soap from plants; any group of chemical substances extracted from plants that form a soapy lather mixed with water and are used to make soap and detergent. Amydalin- resin used in paints and adhesives. Resin- yellow or brown color and organic substance from plants. Malic Acid- acid from fruit; a colorless crystalline solid found in fruits such as apples. (C4H6O5) Aldehydes- organic compound; a highly reactive organic compound produced by the oxidation of an alcohol and having a CHO group especially the acetaldehyde. Ash- the powdery substance that is left when omething has been burnt. Guava: Scientific Name: Psidium Guajava Chapter II: Review Rel ated Literature: Database File for: GUAVA (Psidium guajava) Main database Common name Botanical name Ethnic uses Conditions Actions PLANTIMAGES Photos WEBRESOURCESGUAVA Product Search Medline Abstracts USDA BARC DB HEAR Info Purdue Info W? TROPICOS DB Ethnobotany DB Phytochem DB GRIN DB USF DB ITIS DB Plants DB Raintree'sRainforestMission Home Page Company Mission Philosophy Plant Harvesting Plant Images Rainforest Products Rainforest Gallery Rainforest Facts Article Section Rainforest LinksOther Links Print Brochure Print Order Form Contact Us Search Site Privacy Policy Conditions of Use Free Service EspanolPortuguesDeutschItaliano Francais Norsk Family: Myrtaceae Genus: Psidium Species: guajava Common names: Guava, goiaba, guayaba, djamboe, djambu, goavier, gouyave, goyave, goyavier, perala, bayawas, dipajaya jambu, petokal, tokal, guave, guavenbaum, guayave, banjiro, goiabeiro, guayabo, guyaba, goeajaaba, guave, goejaba, kuawa, abas, jambu batu, bayabas, pichi, posh, enandi Part Used: Fruit, leaf, bark From The Healing Power of Rainforest Herbs: GUAVAHERBAL PROPERTIES AND ACTIONS Main Actions Other Actions Standard Dosage stops diarrhea depresses CNS Leaves kills bacteria lowers blood pressure Decoction: 1 cup 1-3 kills fungi reduces blood sugar times daily kills yeast constricts blood vessels kills amebas promotes menstruation relieves pain fights free radicals reduces spasms supports heart Called guayaba in Spanish-speaking countries and goiaba in Brazil, guava is a common shade tree or shrub in door-yard gardens in the tropics. It provides shade while the guava fruits are eaten fresh and made into drinks, ice cream, and preserves.In the richness of the Amazon, guava fruits often grow well beyond the size of tennis balls on well-branched trees or shrubs reaching up to 20 m high. Cultivated varieties average about 10 meters in height and produce lemon-sized fruits. The tree is easily identified by its distinctive thin, smooth, copper-colored bark that flak es off, showing a greenish layer beneath. Guava fruit today is considered minor in terms of commercial world trade but is widely grown in the tropics, enriching the diet of hundreds of millions of people in the tropics of the world.Guava has spread widely throughout the tropics because it thrives in a variety of soils, propagates easily, and bears fruit relatively quickly. The fruits contain numerous seeds that can produce a mature fruit-bearing plant within four years. In the Amazon rainforest guava fruits are much enjoyed by birds and monkeys, which disperse guava seeds in their droppings and cause spontaneous clumps of guava trees to grow throughout the rainforest. TRIBAL AND HERBAL MEDICINE USESGuava may have been domesticated in Peru several thousand years ago; Peruvian archaeological sites have revealed guava seeds found stored with beans, corn, squash, and other cultivated plants. Guava fruit is still enjoyed as a sweet treat by indigenous peoples throughout the rainforest, a nd the leaves and bark of the guava tree have a long history of medicinal uses that are still employed today. The Tikuna Indians decoct the leaves or bark of guava as a cure for diarrhea.In fact, an infusion or decoction made from the leaves and/or bark has been used by many tribes for diarrhea and dysentery throughout the Amazon, and Indians also employ it for sore throats, vomiting, stomach upsets, for vertigo, and to regulate menstrual periods. Tender leaves are chewed for bleeding gums and bad breath, and it is said to prevent hangovers (if chewed before drinking). Indians throughout the Amazon gargle a leaf decoction for mouth sores, bleeding gums, or use it as a douche for vaginal discharge and to tighten and tone vaginal walls after childbirth.A decoction of the bark and/or leaves or a flower infusion is used topically for wounds, ulcers and skin sores. Flowers are also mashed and applied to painful eye conditions such as sun strain, conjunctivitis or eye injuries. Centuries ago, European adventurers, traders, and missionaries in the Amazon Basin took the much enjoyed and tasty fruits to Africa, Asia, India, and the Pacific tropical regions, so that it is now cultivated throughout the tropical regions of the world. Commercially the fruit is consumed fresh or used in the making of jams, jellies, paste or hardened jam, and juice.Guava leaves are in the Dutch Pharmacopoeia for the treatment of diarrhea, and the leaves are still used for diarrhea in Latin America, Central and West Africa, and Southeast Asia. In Peruvian herbal medicine systems today the plant is employed for diarrhea, gastroenteritis, intestinal worms, gastric disorders, vomiting, coughs, vaginal discharges, menstrual pain and hemorrhages, and edema. In Brazil guava is considered an astringent drying agent and diuretic and is used for the same conditions as in Peru.A decoction is also recommended as a gargle for sore throats, laryngitis and swelling of the mouth, and used externally for ski n ulcers, and vaginal irritation and discharges. PLANT CHEMICALS Guava is rich in tannins, phenols, triterpenes, flavonoids, essential oils, saponins, carotenoids, lectins, vitamins, fiber and fatty acids. Guava fruit is higher in vitamin C than citrus (80 mg of vitamin C in 100 g of fruit) and contains appreciable amounts of vitamin A as well. Guava fruits are also a good source of pectin – a dietary fiber.The leaves of guava are rich in flavonoids, in particular, quercetin. Much of guava's therapeutic activity is attributed to these flavonoids. The flavonoids have demonstrated antibacterial activity. Quercetin is thought to contribute to the anti-diarrhea effect of guava; it is able to relax intestinal smooth muscle and inhibit bowel contractions. In addition, other flavonoids and triterpenes in guava leaves show antispasmodic activity. Guava also has antioxidant properties which is attributed to the polyphenols found in the leaves.Guava's main plant chemicals include: alan ine, alpha-humulene, alpha-hydroxyursolic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, alpha-selinene, amritoside, araban, arabinose, arabopyranosides, arjunolic acid, aromadendrene, ascorbic acid, ascorbigen, asiatic acid, aspartic acid, avicularin, benzaldehyde, butanal, carotenoids, caryophyllene, catechol-tannins, crataegolic acid, D-galactose, D-galacturonic acid, ellagic acid, ethyl octanoate, essential oils, flavonoids, gallic acid, glutamic acid, goreishic acid, guafine, guavacoumaric acid, guaijavarin, guajiverine, guajivolic acid, guajavolide, guavenoic acid, guajavanoic acid, histidine, hyperin, ilelatifol D, isoneriucoumaric acid, isoquercetin, jacoumaric acid, lectins, leucocyanidins, limonene, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, lysine, mecocyanin, myricetin, myristic acid, nerolidiol, obtusinin, octanol, oleanolic acid, oleic acid, oxalic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, pectin, polyphenols, psidiolic acid, quercetin, quercitrin, serine, sesquiguavene, tannins, terpenes, and ursolic acid. BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES AND CLINICAL RESEARCH The long history of guava's use has led modern-day researchers to study guava extracts. Its traditional use for diarrhea, gastroenteritis and other digestive complaints has been validated in numerous clinical studies. A plant drug has even been developed from guava leaves (standardized to its quercetin content) for the treatment of acute diarrhea. Human clinical trials with the drug indicate its effectiveness in treating diarrhea in adults. Guava leaf extracts and fruit juice has also been clinically studied for infantile diarrhea.In a clinical study with 62 infants with infantile rotaviral enteritis, the recovery rate was 3 days (87. 1%) in those treated with guava, and diarrhea ceased in a shorter time period than controls. It was concluded in the study that guava has â€Å"good curative effect on infantile rotaviral enteritis. † Guava has many different properties that contribute to its antidiarrheal effect: it has been doc umented with pronounced antibacterial, antiamebic and antispasmodic activity. It has also shown to have a tranquilizing effect on intestinal smooth muscle, inhibit chemical processes found in diarrhea and aid in the re-absorption of water in the intestines.In other research, an alcoholic leaf extract was reported to have a morphine-like effect, by inhibiting the gastrointestinal release of chemicals in acute diarrheal disease. This morphine-like effect was thought to be related to the chemical quercetin. In addition, lectin chemicals in guava were shown to bind to E-coli (a common diarrhea-causing organism), preventing its adhesion to the intestinal wall and thus preventing infection (and resulting diarrhea). The effective use of guava in diarrhea, dysentery and gastroenteritis can also be related to guava's documented antibacterial properties. Bark and leaf extracts have shown to have in vitro toxic action against numerous bacteria.In several studies guava showed significant antiba cterial activity against such common diarrhea-causing bacteria as Staphylococcus, Shigella, Salmonella, Bacillus, E. coli, Clostridium, and Pseudomonas. It has also demonstrated antifungal, anti-yeast (candida), anti-amebic, and antimalarial actions. In a recent study with guinea pigs (in 2003) Brazilian researchers reported that guava leaf extracts have numerous effects on the cardiovascular system which might be beneficial in treating irregular heat beat (arrhythmia). Previous research indicated guava leaf provided antioxidant effects beneficial to the heart, heart protective properties, and improved myocardial function.In two randomized human studies, the consumption of guava fruit for 12 weeks was shown to reduce blood pressure by an average 8 points, decrease total cholesterol levels by 9%, decrease triglycerides by almost 8%, and increase â€Å"good† HDL cholesterol by 8%. The effects were attributed to the high potassium and soluble fiber content of the fruit (however 1-2 pounds of fruit was consumed daily by the study subjects to obtain these results! ). In other animal studies guava leaf extracts have evidenced analgesic, sedative, and central nervous system (CNS) depressant activity, as well as a cough suppressant actions. The fruit or fruit juice has been documented to lower lood sugar levels in normal and diabetic animals and humans. Most of these studies confirm the plant's many uses in tropical herbal medicine systems. CURRENT PRACTICAL USES Guava, known as the poor man's apple of the tropics, has a long history of traditional use, much of which is being validated by scientific research. It is a wonderful natural remedy for diarrhea – safe enough even for young children. For infants and children under the age of 2, just a cup daily of guava fruit juice is helpful for diarrhea. For older children and adults, a cup once or twice daily of a leaf decoction is the tropical herbal medicine standard. Though not widely available in the U. S . arket, tea-cut and powdered leaves can be obtained from larger health food stores or suppliers of bulk botanicals. Newer in the market are guava leaf extracts that are used in various herbal formulas for a myriad of purposes; from herbal antibiotic and diarrhea formulas to bowel health and weight loss formulas. Toxicity studies with rats and mice, as well as controlled human studies show both the leaf and fruit to be safe and without side effects. GUAVA PLANT SUMMARY Main Preparation Method: decoction Main Actions (in order): antidysenteric, antiseptic, antibacterial, antispasmodic, cardiotonic (tones, balances, strengthens the heart) Main Uses: or dysentery (bacterial and amebic), diarrhea, colic, and infantile rotavirus enteritis as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial for internal and external bacterial, fungal, candidal, and amebic infections to tone, balance, protect and strengthen the heart (and for arrhythmia and some heart diseases) as a cough suppressant, analgesic (pain-reliev er), and febrifuge (reduces fever) for colds, flu, sore throat, etc as a topical remedy for ear and eye infections Properties/Actions Documented by Research: amebicide, analgesic (pain-reliever), antibacterial, anticandidal, antidysenteric, antifungal, antimalarial, antioxidant, antispasmodic, antiulcerous, cardiodepressant, cardiotonic (tones, balances, strengthens the heart), central nervous system depressant, cough suppressant, gastrototonic (tones, balances, strengthens the gastric tract), hypotensive (lowers blood ressure), sedative, vasoconstrictor Other Properties/Actions Documented by Traditional Use:anti-anxiety, anticonvulsant, antiseptic, astringent, blood cleanser, digestive stimulant, menstrual stimulant, nervine (balances/calms nerves), vermifuge (expels worms) Cautions: It has a cardiac depressant effect and is contraindicated in some heart conditions. Traditional Preparation: The fruit and juice is freely consumed for its great taste, nutritional benefit and nutrient content, as well as an effective children's diarrhea remedy. The leaves are prepared in a standard decoction and dosages are generally 1 cup 1-3 times daily. Contraindications:Guava has recently demonstrated cardiac depressant activity and should be used with caution by those on heart medications. Guava fruit has shown to lower blood sugar levels and it should be avoided by people with hypoglycemia. Drug Interactions: None reported, however excessive or chronic consumption of guava may potentiate some heart medications. WORLDWIDE ETHNOMEDICAL USES Amazonia for diarrhea, dysentery, menstrual disorders, stomachache, vertigo Brazil for anorexia, cholera, diarrhea, digestive problems, dysentery, gastric insufficiency, inflamed mucous membranes, laryngitis, mouth(swelling), skin problems, sore throat, ulcers, vaginal discharge Cuba for colds, dysentery, dyspepsia Ghana coughs, diarrhea, dysentery, toothache Haiti or dysentery, diarrhea, epilepsy, itch, piles, scabies, skin sores, sore t hroat, stomachache, wounds, and as an antiseptic and astringent India for anorexia, cerebral ailments, childbirth, chorea, convulsions, epilepsy, nephritis Malaya for dermatosis, diarrhea, epilepsy, hysteria, menstrual disorders Mexico for deafness, diarrhea, itch, scabies, stomachache, swelling, ulcer, worms, wounds Peru for conjunctivitis, cough, diarrhea, digestive problems, dysentery, edema, gout, hemorrhages, gastroenteritis, gastritis, lung problems, PMS, shock, vaginal discharge, vertigo, vomiting, worms Philippines for sores, wounds, and as an astringent Trinidad bacterial infections, blood cleansing, diarrhea, dysenteryElsewhere for anorexia, aches, bacterial infections, boils, bowel disorders, bronchitis, catarrh, cholera, chorea, colds, colic, convulsions, coughs, diarrhea, dysentery, dyspepsia, edema, epilepsy, fever, gingivitis, hemorrhoids, itch, jaundice, menstrual problems, nausea, nephritis, respiratory problems, rheumatism, scabies, sore throat, spasms, sprains, st omach problems, swelling, tonic, toothache, ulcers, worms, wounds, and as an antiseptic and astringent References/Footnotes: Conde Garcia, E. A. , et al. â€Å"Inotropic effects of extracts of Psidium guajava L. (guava) leaves on the guinea pig atrium. † Braz. J. of Med. & Biol. Res. 2003; 36: 661-668.Suntornsuk, L. , et al. â€Å"Quantitation of vitamin C content in herbal juice using direct titration. † J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 2002; 28(5): 849-55. Beckstrom-Sternberg, S. M. , et al. â€Å"The phytochemical database. † (ACEDB version 4. 3-Data version July 1994. ) National Germplasm Resources Laboratory (NGRL), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), U. S. Department of Agriculture. Jimenez-Escrig, A. , et al. â€Å"Guava fruit (Psidium guajava L. ) as a new source of antioxidant dietary fiber. † J. Agric. Food Chem. 2001; 49(11): 5489-93. Smith, Nigel J. H. , et al. Tropical Forests and their Crops. London: Cornell University Press. 1992. Arima, H. , et al . Isolation of antimicrobial compounds from guava (Psidium guajava L. ) and their structural elucidation. † Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 2002; 66(8): 1727-30. Morales, M. A. , et al. â€Å"Calcium-antagonist effect of quercetin and its relation with the spasmolytic properties of Psidium guajava L. † Arch. Med. Res. 1994; 25(1): 17-21. Lozoya, X. , et al. â€Å"Quercetin glycosides in Psidium guajava L. leaves and determination of a spasmolytic principle. † Arch. Med. Res. 1994; 25(1): 11-5. Begum, S. , et al. â€Å"Triterpenoids from the leaves of Psidium guajava. † Phytochemistry 2002; 61(4): 399-403. Lozoya, X. , et al. â€Å"Intestinal anti-spasmodic effect of a phytodrug of Psidium guajava olia in the treatment of acute diarrheic disease. † J. Ethnopharmacol. 2002; 83(1-2): 19-24. Wei, L. , et al. â€Å"Clinical study on treatment of infantile rotaviral enteritis with Psidium guajava L. † Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 2000; 20(12): 8 93-5. Tona, L. , et al. â€Å"Biological screening of traditional preparations from some medicinal plants used as antidiarrhoeal in Kinshasa, Congo. † Phytomedicine 1999; 6(1): 59-66. Lozoya, X. , et al. â€Å"Model of intraluminal perfusion of the guinea pig ileum in vitro in the study of the antidiarrheal properties of the guava (Psidium guajava). † Arch. Invest. Med. (Mex). 1990; 21(2): 155-62. Almeida, C. E. , et al. Analysis of antidiarrhoeic effect of plants used in popular medicine. † Rev. Saude Publica. 1995; 29(6): 428-33. Lin, J. , et al. â€Å"Anti-diarrhoeal evaluation of some medicinal plants used by Zulu traditional healers. † J. Ethnopharmacol. 2002; 79(1): 53-6. Lutterodt, G. D. â€Å"Inhibition of Microlax-induced experimental diarrhea with narcotic-like extracts of Psidium guajava leaf in rats. † J. Ethnopharmacol. 1992; 37(2): 151-7. Lutterodt, G. D. â€Å"Inhibition of gastrointestinal release of acetylcholine by quercetin as a possible mode of action of Psidium guajava leaf extracts in the treatment of acute diarrhoeal disease. † J. Ethnopharmcol. 1989; 25(3): 235-47. Coutino-Rodriguez, R. et al, â€Å"Lectins in fruits having gastrointestinal activity: their participation in the hemagglutinating property of Escherichia coli O157:H7. † Arch. Med. Res. 2001; 32(4): 251-7. Abdelrahim, S. I. , et al. â€Å"Antimicrobial activity of Psidium guajava L. † Fitoterapia 2002; 73(7-8): 713-5. Holetz, F. B. , et al. â€Å"Screening of some plants used in the Brazilian folk medicine for the treatment of infectious diseases. † Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 2002; 97(7): 1027-31. Caceres, A. , et al. â€Å"Plants used in Guatemala for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. 1. Screening of 84 plants against enterobacteria. † J. Ethnopharmacol. 1990; 30(1): 55-73. Garcia, S. et al, â€Å"Inhibition of growth, enterotoxin production, and spore formation of Clostridium perfringens by extra cts of medicinal plants. † J. Food Prot. 2002; 65(10): 1667-9. Tona, L. , et al. â€Å"Antiamoebic and spasmolytic activities of extracts from some antidiarrhoeal traditional preparations used in Kinshasa, Congo. † Phytomedicine 2000; 7(1): 31-8. Tona, L. , et al. â€Å"Antiamoebic and phytochemical screening of some Congolese medicinal plants. † J. Ethnopharmacol. 1998; 61(1): 57-65. Nundkumar, N. , et al. â€Å"Studies on the antiplasmodial properties of some South African medicinal plants used as antimalarial remedies in Zulu folk medicine. † Methods Find Exp. Clin. Pharmacol. 2002; 24(7): 397-401. Yamashiro, S. , et al. Cardioprotective effects of extracts from Psidium guajava L. and Limonium wrigth II, Okinawan medicinal plants, against ischemia-reperfusion injury in perfused rat hearts. † Pharmacology 2003; 67(3): 128-35. Singh, R. B. , et al. â€Å"Can guava fruit intake decrease blood pressure and blood lipids? † J. Hum Hypertens. 1993 ; 7(1): 33-8. Singh, R. B. , et al. â€Å"Effects of guava intake on serum total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and on systemic blood pressure. † Am. J. Cardiol. 1992; 70(15): 1287-91. Shaheen, H. M. , et al. â€Å"Effect of Psidium guajava leaves on some aspects of the central nervous system in mice. † Phytother. Res. 2000; 14(2): 107-11. Lutterodt, G.D. , et al. â€Å"Effects on mice locomotor activity of a narcotic-like principle from Psidium guajava leaves. † J. Ethnopharmacol. 1988; 24(2-3): 219-31. Jaiarj, P. , et al. â€Å"Anticough and antimicrobial activities of Psidium guajava Linn. leaf extract. † J. Ethnopharmacol. 1999; 67(2): 203-12. Cheng, J. T. , et al. â€Å"Hypoglycemic effect of guava juice in mice and human subjects. † Am. J. Clin. Med. 1983; 11(1-4): 74-6. Roman-Ramos, R. , et al. â€Å"Anti-hyperglycemic effect of some edible plants. † J. Ethnopharmacol. 1995. The above text has been printed from The He aling Power of Rainforest Herbs by Leslie Taylor, copyrighted  © 2005 All rights reserved.No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, including websites, without written permission. †  The statements contained herein have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. The information contained in this plant database file is intended for education, entertainment and information purposes only. This information is not intended to be used to diagnose, prescribe or replace proper medical care. The plant described herein is not intended to treat, cure, diagnose, mitigate or prevent any disease. Please refer to our Conditions of Use for using this plant database file and web site.  © Copyrighted 1996 to present by Raintree Nutrition, Inc. , Carson City, NV

Toni Cade Bambaras The Lesson Essay - 3186 Words

Toni Cade Bambara, a well known author and social activist, uses language and experience to incite change in a warped society that marginalizes its people based on language, race, and class. With the utilization of African American English (AAE), Bambara sheds light on some questionable prejudices and problems with capitalism in American society. Bambara’s works are noted for their use of traditional AAE and its support in teaching the overall â€Å"lesson† and the underlying message to the public. The majority of Bambara’s works were inspired by and written in response to her experiences of growing up a black woman, of lower class status, in Harlem. Her short story, â€Å"The Lesson,† is no exception. Bambara uses first person narrative,†¦show more content†¦Bambara’s work has been praised for its outstanding ability to capture the innocence of an adolescent voice; this is obviously done through the lighthearted and engaging black dia lect of youth. Suggested reasoning for this innocent, but strong voice is to help the reader come to similar realizations with the narrator or main characters; the language is obviously evidence of the characters’ race, class, education, and geographical whereabouts. Bambara wants the general public to be able to see life through the eyes of these innocent, yet insightful youths. Her style of narration is arguably one of the most distinctive aspects of her writing. In â€Å"The Lesson,† Bambara’s main character is an energetic, sarcastic, bossy, and strong little girl; through the language Sylvia uses throughout the story, the reader gets to see her grow and mature in her ideas about society and her place in it. The first few sentences of the story are quite revealing; the reader clearly sees two things. One characteristic being that the event he or she is about to read actually happened in the past, and secondly, the narrator is quite sassy: â€Å"Back in the days when everyone was old and stupid or young and foolish and me and Sugar were the only ones just right, this lady moved on our block with nappy hair and proper speech and no makeup† (Bambara 85). In addition to revealing the tense of the story and the frank nature ofShow MoreRelatedAn Analysis Of Toni Cade Bambaras The Lesson932 Words   |  4 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚   Some experiences can change people as individuals and how they view things. The process of people growing up can take time but when a transformation occurs it   can be difficult to handle. Sylvia, the narrator in Toni Cade Bambaras The Lesson, learns a lesson about social class how the rich are different from poor ,she realizes that the money rich people spend for their kids toys can feed a whole household of poor families.In the process, she loses some part of her pride that characterizesRead MoreToni Cade Bambaras The Lesson : Book Analysis1382 Words   |  6 PagesBrooks, â€Å"We Real Cool,† seven delinquents quit school to engage in rebellious behavior and in Toni Cade Bambara’s â€Å"The Lesson,† a teacher takes several underprivileged children to a high-class toy shop. By using point of view, diction, and symbolism, Gwendolyn Brooks and Tone Cade Bambara show the reader why it is important to learn and gain knowledge. The protagonists’ perspective in Brooks and Bambara’s stories come from people who have a lack of education. The protagonists in Brook’s poem are dropoutsRead MoreToni Cade Bambaras the Lesson: the Impact of Poverty on Education935 Words   |  4 PagesKatrina Nicholes-Shults Mrs. Livingston English 1102/S.E.1.3 February 6, 2014 Toni Cade Bambara’s The Lesson: The Impact of Poverty on Education Toni Cade Bambara’s short story The Lesson told in first person by a character named Sylvia. Sylvia is a poor student who resides in the ghetto of New York with her friends and family. The story begins in the summertime in New York, where the children are out of school, playing and having fun; but when a new neighbor Miss Moore move in, things changeRead MoreEssay about Toni Cade Bambaras The Lesson543 Words   |  3 Pages Toni Cade Bambaras The Lesson is a very well written piece of history. This is a story from yesterday, when Harlem children didnt have good education or the money to spring for it. Bambaras tale tells about a little girl who doesnt really know how to take it when a good teacher finally does come along. This girls whole life is within the poverty stricken area and she doesnt see why she must try hard. The teacher, Miss Moore, shows them what it is all about by taking them to a rich toy storeRead More The Power of Personality in Toni Cade Bambaras The Lesso n Essay1420 Words   |  6 PagesThe Power of Personality in Toni Cade Bambara’s The Lesson Developing character is something that comes with time. I believe that there are three major things that effect how people develop their character—where they are from, which includes their financial status; how they are raised; and the character of the people that   have had the most influence on their lives. Sylvia, in Toni Cade Bambara’s The Lesson, is very much influenced by all of these factors. Sylvia’s living in the slums andRead More Economic Inequality in Toni Cade Bambaras The Lesson Essay1652 Words   |  7 PagesSylvia and The Struggle Against Class Consciousness in Toni Cade Bambaras The Lesson The Lesson by Toni Cade Bambara is not just a spirited story about a poor girl out of place in an expensive toy store, it is a social commentary. The Lesson is a story about one African-American girls struggle with her growing awareness of class inequality. The character Miss Moore introduces the facts of social inequality to a distracted group of city kids, of whom Sylvia, the main character, is theRead MoreThe Use of Symbolism to Foreshadow the Future in Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour and Toni Cade Bambaras The Lesson1673 Words   |  7 PagesThe Use of Symbolism to Foreshadow the Future in Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour and Toni Cade Bambaras The Lesson Often authors use signs to foreshadow events that will happen in the future in their stories. For example an author might write As he was walking down the dark eerie path dark skies began to form . Here the writer uses a usually negative sign to foreshadow a negative future. This is the most common way for authors to foreshadow in a story, but it isnt the only way. In someRead MoreFrom Milton Mirkin to Toni Cade Essays967 Words   |  4 PagesMiltona Mirkin Cade is no different. Miltona Mirkin Cade was influenced by the black community and women’s organizations. (www.fembio.org) Milton Mirkin Cade was born on March 25, 1939 in New York City. As a child she spent most of her years with her mother, Helen Brent Henderson, and her brother, Walter. She and her family moved often but she came to call the communities of New York City and New Jersey home. (www.answers.com) Miltona Mirkin Cade would later change her name to Toni Cade Bambara.Read MoreRacial Discrimination Past, Present, And Future1191 Words   |  5 Pagesworkplace is concerned. In Toni Cade Bambara’s short story â€Å"The Lesson†, we see what social discrimination looks like through the eyes of children who are observing a wealthier part of town. In their eyes, they see and injustice and question why it is not being altered into something centered more on equality and equal opportunity. Toni Cade Bambara’s story â€Å"The Lesson† is written to make a point about racial discrimination in the workplace and social inequality. In Bambara’s short story, we are toldRead More Toni Cade Bambara’s Black Female Champions Essay1998 Words   |  8 PagesToni Cade Bambara’s Black Female Champions It is well known from historical accounts, novels, poems, movies, and other sources that blacks have been abused, neglected, and mistreated in American society. In addition, a great deal has been written about the lives, hardships, and obstacles of black men. Black women, however, have long been relegated to subordinate societal roles in relation to white men and women and black men. Black women have been viewed as monsters and suffered distortions

Sex Abstinence and your Future Essay - 559 Words

Many people do not understand the meaning of abstinence. Some believe that abstinence is not having vaginal intercourse but they can enjoy other kinds of sex play that dont lead to pregnancy mostly known as outercourse. Some people believe that abstinence is not having vaginal intercourse when a woman might get pregnant. This form of sexual activity as Periodical abstinence, this type of abstinence is based on the fertility awareness methods of birth control. Abstinence is defined as practicing restraint oneself from indulging in something. Using this definition in sexual activity we can describe abstinence as practicing restraint from indulging or having any type of sexual activity. Practicing abstinence is refraining from oral, anal and†¦show more content†¦There are benefits to practicing abstinence such as prevent pregnancy, preventing STDs and STIs, having fun with romantic partners without the complexity of sexual involvement, being able to support personal, moral, or religious beliefs and values and/or easier recovery time when getting over a breakup. Many people ask how is abstinence 100% effective in preventing pregnancy and most STIs and STDs? Abstinence is 100% effective because if two people dont practice sexual intercourse, then the male sperm isn’t able fertilize an egg so, theres no possibility of the woman’s pregnancy. There are some forms of birth control that are dependent on barriers that prevent the sperm from reaching the egg, such as condoms. This makes abstinence the most effective birth control, because the person is not having sexual intercourse therefore the sperm never gets to the egg. Abstinence and its benefits to your future Choosing abstinence can lead to healthier relationships for the present and the future. Choosing abstinence allows you to focus on getting to know your partner without the complexity of sex or it becoming the focus of the entire relationship you have. Also abstinence allows you to have confidence that your partner that actually loves you for you and not what you can give them. In your marriage, you will beShow MoreRelatedThe Reality Of Abstinence Versus Sex Education1224 Words   |  5 Pages10 April 2017 The Reality of Abstinence Versus Sex Education Do you ever stop to wonder what goes through a teen’s mind? Maybe it s the late paper that wasn t turned in for English or the worry of coming home after school to family members being high as a kite, maybe it s the plans for their significant other later on or the so called special night they have planned together. Whether it be one of the topics mentioned or some far off random thought either way sex will be on a teen’s mind at someRead MoreUnited States has the Highest Rate of Teenage Pregnancies Essay1687 Words   |  7 Pagesin a year. When the topic of sex arises, people become uncomfortable because it is a subject that is thought of as personal and secretive. However, people aren’t only uncomfortable with the subject because of it being taboo, people try to avoid the subject because they aren’t always informed correctly about it and don’t have a way to learn about it, excluding the internet which doesn’t always have accurate material , and lack general knowledge of sex. Education about sex and its surrounding topics suchRead MoreThe Significance Of Sex Education982 Words   |  4 Pages101 6 October 2017 The Significance of Sex Education As teenagers start to grow up, they face with many difficult decisions about relationship and sexual behavior in their lives. It can impact their lives, health and behavior. To make sure that your children follow the right path to live a healthy life, sex education can prepare them to make good decisions. If you are not sexually active, that doesn’t mean you shouldn’t give up your chance to learn about it. Sex education shouldn’t be limited to teenagersRead MoreThe Importance Of Sex Education987 Words   |  4 Pages Sex Education As a young adult, I feel that sex education should be taught in school by a qualified adult.In a perfect world, sex education should be taught in the home; however, with the rise of teenage pregnancy, it is evident that it is not being taught in the home. It is because of this alarming trend that I feel that it needs to be taught in school.Sex education provides many different benefits to the students. It can prevent unwanted pregnancies, reduce sexually transmitted diseasesRead MoreIntimate Relationships And Sexual Relationships1196 Words   |  5 Pagesromance— chances are, every teen spends a part of their day wondering about these topics. The process of developing intimate relationships is a natural part of growing up. Intimacy is about being emotionally close to someone, and being able to share your feelings and thoughts without any restrictions. Many teens think that Intimate relationships are always sexual, but most of the time they are not, as there are many types of intimate relationships such as friendships and romantic relationships. OverRead MoreSex Education For Public Schools1426 Words   |  6 PagesSex Education Research Paper Sex education being taught in public schools is a reoccurring topic in many schools. More recently, it has also caught the attention of the public again due to rising unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted disease among young teenagers in the US over the last decade or so. â€Å"Each year, U.S. teens experience as many as 850,000 pregnancies, and youth under age 25 experience about 9.1 million sexually transmitted infections† (McKeon). Sex Education is attempting toRead MoreComprehensive Ignorance1553 Words   |  7 Pagespregnancy prevention programs (Alan Guttmacher Institute 2011). Later, during the Clinton administration in the mid-1990s, federal investment in abstinence-only sexual education increased by attaching funding for abstinence-only to Social Security Legislature. The main goal was to enable the State to provide abstinence education... to promote abstinence from sexual activity, with a focus on those groups which are most likely to bear children out-of- wedlock (US Social Security Administration 2011)Read MoreThe Case For Rights Education1665 Words   |  7 PagesAbramson, Seth. The Case for Rights Education Alongside Sex Education. The Huffington Post, 18 July 2016. The Huffington Post, www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/the-case-for-rights-education-alongside-sex-education_us_578d282de4b0d4229484d76d. Accessed 21 Nov. 2016. In â€Å"The Case for Rights Education Alongside Sex Education†, Seth Abramson states that the reason sex education is present in the majority of all American schools is because sex matters. He makes an in-depth point about knowing how to handleRead MoreEssay on Should Sex Education be Taken Out of Schools?969 Words   |  4 Pagesincreasingly active sex lives. No longer is sex education left to teachers and parents to explain, it is constantly in our faces at the forefront of our society. Regardless of sex education curriculums and debates about possible changes, children and teenagers are still learning everything they think there is to know about sex from very early on in their young lives. However, without responsible adults instructing them on the facts about sex, there are more likely to treat sex in a cavalier and offhandedRead MoreShould Sex Education Be Incorporated Into Public Schools?1372 Words   |  6 PagesFor Sex Education in Public Schools An observation of the prevalent television programs and popular topics broadcasted in the media often depict teenagers with an air of promiscuity. Is teenage pregnancy really an uncontrolled epidemic, as depicted in shows such as â€Å"16 and Pregnant†? Are a vast majority of teenagers exchanging racy photos of their bodies with each other? If so, are teenagers acting out because of too much sex education? Or is the outbreak of hyper-sexualized activity linked to lack

Mental Illness Among Prisons And The United States

If a society is to be judged how it treats its most disadvantaged members, then the United States is in a very lowly state of affairs. The United States currently incarcerates over 356,000 individuals diagnosed with some form of mental illness. This is ten-fold the number of people receiving treatment in psychiatric hospitals, around 35,000 (Frances). Leaving us with the question, when did suffering from a mental illness become a crime worthy of incarceration? Doubt no longer remains as to if the this system is broken, as indicated by recent report from the Treatment Advocacy Center and the National Sheriffs’ Association, which after surveying sheriffs and prison administrators, concluded on three main points. Mental illness among prison populations are growing in numbers as well as severity, prison and jail officers feel compelled to supply a hospital level treatment regimen, and that the problem originates in the mediocre aftercare provided for those who are released accompa nied by the continual closure of state psychiatric centers (Felthous). What must be asked now is how does one mend a system on the edge of crisis. There are many propositions on how this may be done, but they can be summed up into the following strategies: the creation of resources to intervene before situations ever become critical, newer and better training of first responders, EMTs, and police officers in mental health emergencies, reformation in the way judges sentence those suffering fromShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Crime And Mental Illness1245 Words   |  5 PagesTypically, mental conditions affect the cognitive and emotional aspects of a person. Thus, people with mental illness face a high risk of engaging in criminalized behaviors. Many pieces of research show that the US has the largest number of its citizens in prison with severe mental illness. This essay will analyze how crime and mental illness is a crisis in America that has fundamentally been avoided over the year s that have seen the decline in institutions that were previously designed to help thisRead MoreThe Importance Of Mental Disorders In The Prison System1288 Words   |  6 PagesIn addition, persons with mental disorders are clearly overrepresented in the prison system, when compared to rates of persons in the community with mental disorders, studies found â€Å"that prevalence estimates were three to 12 times higher than in community samples, reaching as high as 64%,† (Prins, S. J., 2014, p. 862) with â€Å"prevalence† being defined as the commonness or occurrence of a mental disorder. The reasoning behind this skewed representation has continually puzzled researchers and led toRead MoreAffordable Care Act Research Paper1123 Words   |  5 Pagesthe citizens of the United States, not a lot of thought is given to the medical state of the inmates incarcerated in North America. According to the eighth amendment, cruel and unusual punishment should not be inflicted upon inmates (U.S. Const. amend.VIII). Not issuing the proper medication to a pain stricken cancer patient or prenatal vitamins to an expectant mother can be looked at as cruel and unusual punishment. This paper aims to determine if healthcare in the United States is unconstitutionalRead MoreLong Term Effects Of Reentry Programs On Reducing Juvenile Recidivism Essay943 Words   |  4 Pagesrepresented by the United who possesses 25% of the world s prisoners (Liptak, 2008). Approximately 2.2 million prisoners are awaiting pre-trial and 1.6 million post-trial inmates are incarcerated in city, state, and federal prisons throughout the United States, equating to 756 per 100,000 people incarcerated (Carson Golinelli, 2013; Exworthy et. al., 2012). Nearly 700,000 men and women are discharged from prison yearly (Mallik-Kane Visher, 2008). Recidivism places a strain on the prison by means ofRead MoreCriminalization Of The Mentally Ill1486 Words   |  6 Pagesill persons within the prison sy stem, it is important to know the history of mental illness in the prison system. In1841, Dorothea Dix began her Asylum Movement. She saw how deplorable the conditions were for mentally ill inmates in the prison system and insisted on change. The mental ill inmates were treated very poorly, being beaten, starved, and sexually abused. Dix brought her findings to the legislature of Massachusetts and funds were then set aside to expand the mental hospital in WorcesterRead MorePrisoners with Special Needs1118 Words   |  5 PagesPrisoners with Special Needs David Stevens CJS/255 May 30, 2016 Sherri Webster Special needs, mentally ill, and substance-abusing prisoners affect the jail and prison systems at a state and federal level in a multitude of ways. One of the main issues within prisons is the fact that their mental health services can be seriously inadequate and lacking the proper staffing, all while operating in facilities that are not equipped to handle such prisoners, on top of a limited amount of programsRead MoreThe United States Faces Excessive Mass Incarceration1618 Words   |  7 PagesThe United States faces excessive mass incarceration. We have the largest prison population in the world and the second highest incarceration rate per-capita (1 in 100 citizens is behind bars). While you are certainly familiar with these statistics, I would like to emphasize that using incarceration as the primary response to social problems, as is happening today in the United States, impacts the incarcerated, their families and neighborhoods, as well as costing Maryland taxpayers millions of dollarsRead MoreServing Mentally Ill Prison Populations Essay1030 Words   |  5 PagesServing Mentally Ill Prison Populations Kylee L. Radcliffe Argosy University  Abstract [The abstract should be one paragraph of between 150 and 250 words. It is not indented. Section titles, such as the word Abstract above, are not considered headings so they don’t use bold heading format. Instead, use the Section Title style. This style automatically starts your section on a new page, so you don’t have to add page breaks. To apply any text style in this document with just a tap, on the HomeRead MoreMental Illness And Its Effects On The Community992 Words   |  4 PagesPrisoners have a higher rate of mental illness than the community. Two point six percent to five point four percent of the adult population has a major mental illness. Sixteen percent of the incarcerated population has a mental illness and twenty-three point six of women in state prisons has a mental illness. The most common illnesses that women prisoners deal with are depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, substance abuse, personality disorders, and thought disorders. Women inmates used theRead MoreEffects Of Prison Overcrowding1345 Words   |  6 Pagesthat prison overcrowding causes towards the inmates and the guards. I will first address the issue of violence that prison overcrowding causes. My next point will be the health of the inmates discussing both their physical and mental while in overcrowded prisons. Lastly I will discuss the physical and mental health of the correctional officers and how the job could lead to correctional officers having issues in their private life. Prison Overcrowding has become a major issue in the United States